lebanese sunni surnames

Some settled in the mountains of Lebanon, while others settled further north along the coastal ridges in Syria,[64] where the Alawites had earlier taken refugeand where their brethren in the Assassins were cultivating a fearsome reputation as they staved off armies of Crusaders and Sunnis alike for many years. Tripoli's second qadi Jalal al-Mulk invested large sums in turning the city a famous center for learning, founding a "House of Knowledge" that attracted scholars, as well as a notable library of reportedly 100,000 volumes. What does Mustafa mean in Arabic? During that time, Husam ad-Din ruled over Toron, Banias and Chastel Neuf, giving him control of the road from Damascus to Tyre road which were of utmost importance in blocking any Frankish attempt at reconquest. [30] Sunnis dont accept the imams. Note that the following percentages are estimates only. Genealogical DNA testing has shown that 21.3% of Lebanese Muslims (non-Druze) belong to the Y-DNA haplogroup J1 compared with non-Muslims at 17%. 225,000 Lebanese to vote overseas in 58 countries and 596 polling stations, Lebanons bank deposits down by USD 11.1 billion, Lebanese banking sector: USD 22.1 billion of profits in 26 years, Non-Lebanese own 37 million m2 of the country, Non-Lebanese own LBP 64.4 billion in property, Polling the Lebanese on Hezbollahs Decision to Import Fuel from Iran, Hanna Saadah - Three Arabian Tales Harked With Little Ears, Between Fakhreddines millions and the Medicis, Zabbal Families: Greek Catholic in Beirut, Al-Sous Families-Maronites, Sunni, Orthodox and Israelis in Zgharta, Saida, al-Qebbeh and Mina El-Hosn, Lebanon witnesses a high number of departures after Beirut blast, Lebanese travelers and emigrants (2018-2019), Anwar El-Khatib (1910-1970)-A sorely missed jurist, Municipalities of Lebanon : Dissolution of 71 Municipal Councils. Haplogroup J2 is also a significant marker in throughout Lebanon (27%). It has a red "U" on it. Shia Twelvers in Lebanon refers to the Shia Muslim Twelver community with a significant presence all over Lebanon including the Mount Lebanon (Keserwan, Byblos), the North (Batroun), the South, the Beqaa, Baabda District coastal areas and Beirut. [36], After violence subsided, Mehmed Fuad Pasha appointed the Shiite leader Ali al-As'ad to a commission to investigate the causes of the civil war, and put him in charge of maintaining order in eastern Lebanon, around Damascus and in Hauran. Sheikh Ahmad Rifai was the imam of a . Sunni Muslims regard their denomination as the mainstream and traditionalist branch of Islamas distinguished from the minority denomination, the Shiah. Name of a friend of Prophet Muhammad. In successive polls, approval of the United States within the Sunni Lebanese . These contacts greatly angered the Ottomans. In a 2020 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, authors showed that there is substantial genetic continuity in Lebanon and the Levant since the Bronze Age (33001200 BC) interrupted by three significant admixture events during the Iron Age, Hellenistic, and Ottoman period, each contributing 3%11% of non-local ancestry to the admixed population. But Sunni bitterness toward Hezbollah runs deeper. [28] In 1686, a joint Hamada-Harfush force defeated and drove Ottoman forces of Sidon and Tripoli and their allies out of Keserwan, who had encamped in the region earlier, leaving Jbeil susceptible to attack. Lebanon I. Overview Weakened by deepening inter- and intra-communal rifts, the Lebanese state has gradually abandoned its primary role in governance and as manager of representative politics and relies increasingly on security measures to maintain stability and the political status quo. [12], The spread of Shia Islam in Lebanon and the Levant was a complex, multi-layered process throughout history. Among the factors contributing to the recent surge of Sunni extremism in Lebanon, the most prominent is perhaps the growing Sunni resentment of Hezbollah, especially after the Shiite movement in May 2013 officially announced its military involvement in Syria, in support of Bashar al-Assad. where do you file a complaint against a hospital; failure to pay full time and attention va code; bones angela and hodgins in jail; mirabella svadobny salon dubnica nad vahom These people influenced Lebanese art, literature, music, cuisine, religion, and architecture. Khanjar Harfush of Baalbek and his forces engaged an Egyptian army of 12,000 in Nabek and Keserwan, while further south, Hamad al-Mahmoud of Jabal Amel single-handedly drove out the Egyptians as far as Safed in northern Palestine after a decisive battle at Rmaich. The years-long siege of Tripoli and the brutal aftermath of its fall caused an influx outside of Tripoli. Ibn al-Rida was eventually defeated and killed in battle near Damascus and his head was paraded in Baghdad. [36], During the 19361939 Arab revolt in Palestine, Southerners had a key role in providing ammunition and assistance to the Palestinian rebels, and the revolt was in fact co-administered from Bint Jbeil. [5], The Sunnis of Lebanon have close ties with Saudi Arabia, who supports them financially. lebanese sunni surnamesaileen wuornos timeline. According to the CIA World Factbook, Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 31% of Lebanon's population in 2022.[1]. [49] The institutionalization of Shia Islam during this period provoked discussions between Shiite scholars and clergy about how Shiite orthodoxy should be defined. [2], Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Sunni notables traditionally held power in the Lebanese state together, and they are still the only ones eligible for the post of Prime Minister. At the best of times, the Alawites are regarded by Sunnis as heretics; at times of tension, when thousands of Sunnis in Syria are being killed, they are regarded as the enemy. Two Shia muqaddams, Ibn Bechara and Ibn Harfush, reportedly fought on each other's side. However, Beirut became the only fully Latin speaking city in the whole east. [36], During the 1920s and 1930s, educational institutions became places for different religious communities to construct nationalist and sectarian modes of identification. [36], In January 1926, the French High Commissioner officially recognized the Shia community as an "independent religious community," which was permitted to judge matters of personal status "according to the principles of the rite known by the name of Ja'fari. "[8], Lebanon throughout its history was home of many historic peoples who inhabited the region. Modern Muslims in Lebanon thus do not seem to have a significant genetic influence from the Crusaders, who probably introduced this common Western European marker to the extant Christian populations of the Levant when they were active in the region from 1096 until around the turn of the 14th century. However, a small minority of them are Alawites and Ismaili. Due to official persecution by the Sunni Zengid dynasty that stoked escalating sectarian clashes with Sunnis, many Isma'ilis in the regions of Damascus and Aleppo are said to have fled west during the 12th century. [14], Nasir Khusraw gives the earliest accounts for Tyre and Tripoli during his visit in 1047, describing both cities as majority Shia Muslims with dedicated Shia shrines on the outskirts. 27 febrero, 2023 . Prior their alliance, Zahir backed the Shiites in a battle against the Shihabis in 1750, when the latter were routed and defeated. The region fell after 11 days of brutal fighting, driving an influx of Shiites toward the Beqaa valley and Jezzine, while a humbled minority stayed. Historian Max Weiss underlines how "sectarian claims were increasingly bound up with the institutionalization of Shi'i difference. During the Iron Age, the Bekaa was dominated by the Aramaeans, who formed kingdoms nearby in Damascus and Hamath, and established the kingdom of Aram-Zobah where Hazael might have been born, and was later also settled by Itureans, who were likely Arabs themselves. The Alawites of the Levant were oppressed by the Sunni Ottoman Empire, but gained power and influence when the French recruited Alawites as soldiers during the French mandate of Syria. The makeshift 24th MEU base is a sort of Fort Apache, in the middle of a pretty hostile Iraqi Sunni Muslim population. [42] Shia leaders and religious clergy supported educational reforms in order to improve the social and political marginalization of the Shia community and increase their involvement in the newly born nation-state of Lebanon. Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: ), historically known as matwila (Arabic: , plural of mutawlin ([Lebanese pronounced as metouali]) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role along Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. One of the names of prophet. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) [36], When the Safavids began converting Iran to Shiism by coercion and persuasion, they compensated the lack of established Shia fiqh in Iran by asking Shia clergies from Jabal Amel, Bahrain and Al-Ahsa to immigrate to Iran. On the coast, Tyre prospered under the Romans and was allowed to keep much of its independence as a "civitas foederata". Ibrahim (Arabic/Biblical origin) meaning "friend of God"; Ibrahim is the Arabian derivation of the Biblical name Abraham. There is no distinct pattern that shows that one community carries significantly more Phoenician than another. Hezbollah denies any role in killing Hariri, Lebanon's main. However, the girls' school did not last long due to financial difficulties and traditional views, prompting Sayyid Sharafeddine to transfer the girls and teach them in his own home. in north india, the community are known as ansari or . Once far more numerous and widespread in many areas now part of Lebanon, the Isma'ili population has largely vanished over time. [67] In the mid-1980s, several hundred Isma'ilis were thought to still live in a few communities scattered across several parts of Lebanon. elgin mental health center forensic treatment program. Local analysis often stresses that the growth of Sunni extremism in Lebanon is the . Each sect has its own call to prayer with slightly different language and timing. The Mouslimani family includes 3799 members distributed as follows: The Derzi family includes 1265 members distributed as follows: The Qobti family includes 279 members distributed as follows: The Keldani family includes 134 members distributed as follows: The Seryani family includes 118 members distributed as follows: This family consists of both Christian and Muslim members amounting to 2770. [29] During most of the Ottoman period, the Shia largely maintained themselves as 'a state apart'. [28] Dig into and choose from MomJunction's treasure of 70,000+ baby names that are divided based on meaning, religion, origin, English alphabet, and gender. The Christians (Nasara) are your brethren in the country and in destiny. [citation needed] Metawali, Metouali, or Mutawili, is an archaic term used to specifically refer to Lebanese Twelver Shias in the past. Isma'ili Shi'ism also differs doctrinally from Imami Shi'ism, having beliefs and practices that are more esoteric and maintaining seven pillars of faith rather than five pillars and ten ancillary precepts. [25] Bilad Beirut were similarly under the jurisdiction of a Shia muqaddam prior to 1407. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. Only Shiites would whip themselves with chains on the day of Ashura, to commemorate the murder of Ali and Hussein. A Lebanese term for soldier or police. Shiites view Ali and his two sons, Hassan and Hussein, as the first of the 12 imams, or holy leaders of Islam. Ignored in a post-independence law passed in 1951 that defined only Judaism and Christian sects as official, Muslims continued under traditional Ottoman law, within the confines of which small communities like Isma'ilis and Alawites found it difficult to establish their own institutions. [35][36], Through his 10,000-strong cavalry army, Nassif imposed control on all territories between Sidon and Safed and laid siege to Beirut, and had a crucial role in aiding Zahir's campaigns in Palestine and western Transjordan. Many Southerners went to Syria to participate, whereas in the Beqaa Valley battle spread to the Qalamoun Mountains and Akroum, where according to eye-witness accounts Shiites took more than 400 rifles and fifty horses as booty from French forces. These Itureans inhabited the hills above Tyre in Southern Lebanon, historically known as Jabal Amel, since at least the times of Alexander the Great, who fought them after they blocked his army's access to wood supply. The great majority of Shia Muslims in Lebanon are Twelvers. A popular Arab surname for Christians in Lebanon. The Qarmatian movement in the Levant was largely extinguished by the turn of the millennium. Politically and physically weakened, the Hamadas retained some of their tax farms in Mount Lebanon until 1771 when they were defeated and evicted by the northward expanding Shihab dynasty. Ismail (Arabic/Hebrew origin) meaning "to be heard by God". "The Lebanese are not entering all the battles in Syria, just the ones they consider strategic," said Sheik Hussam al-Ghali, a senior figure with the Islamic Group, the Lebanese branch of the. The Iturean Kingdom of Chalcis became vassal state of the Romans after they consolidated their rule over most of the Levant in 64 BC, and at their peak they managed to impose control on much of the Phoenician coast and Galilee including southern Lebanon, until the Romans fully incorporated them in 92 CE. best concrete pond sealer; mortal kombat 11 kronika fight; teacup poodle wyoming. What are some of the most common family names in Lebanon? While governmental Sunni religious institutions and figures such as Abdel Malik Saadi, Rafi Rifii, and senior clerics of the Sunni Endowmentsan institution that was perceived to be infiltrated by sympathizers of Iraq's Muslim Brotherhoodplayed some role in mobilizing Arab Sunnis in the Anbar sit-ins, the institutional landscape has changed shia surnames in pakistan. ANWAR AMRO/AFP/Getty Images. While General Myers was meeting with officers and enlisted men there, I was free to walk around the base, and eventu ally I wandered into the command center, where my eye was immedi ately caught by a large flat-screen TV. In 996998, rebels in Tyre drove out the Fatimids for two years until the revolt was suppressed and the dissidents crushed. The last census in Lebanon in 1932 put the numbers of Sunnis at 22% of the population (178,100 of 791,700). This was the perfect moment for the French to strike, as they sent to the south an expedition of 4,0006,000 soldiers lead by Colonel Niger, heavily bombing the villages and crushing the Shiite rebellion by June 1920. Note that the following percentages are estimates only. The agreement restored their autonomy and granted a general amnesty for all Shiite rebels previously active against al-Jazzar and his forces, as well as a compensation for their losses after the battle of Yaroun, and granted the community the right to solve their internal problems without interference from the Ottoman governor. and through the Ottoman period (ending in 1918), has virtually been bereft of communal autonomy. July 31, 2019, 3:39 PM. [9], Sunni Muslims and Alawites have been in conflict with each other for centuries. For example, the middle-class of predominantly urban Sunni areas expressed their demands for educational reforms through petitions directed towards the French High Commissioner and the League of Nations. The words in Iraq have been added to the piece, since the column addresses only the question of how Sunnis and Shiites tell each other part in that country. Such influx either inaugurated the Shia community of Keserwan or inflated a previously established rural Shiite community there. About Us; Staff; Camps; Scuba. Sheikh Ahmad Rifa had last been seen in the city, before his body was found in a hole in Akkar. (The text on Shiite mosques, for example, will mention the imams.) The French supported several Maronite militia, especially those in Qlaiaa and Kfour by Nabatieh. 37. The Sunnis recognize the first four caliphs as the Prophet Muhammad's rightful successors . Bab al-Tabbaneh, Jabal Mohsen clashes between pro-Syrian Alawites and anti-Syrian Sunnis have haunted Tripoli for decades.[62]. It commonly designates a chief of a tribe or a royal family member. Hezbollah confirmed that two people were dead. It is also commonly used to refer to a Muslim religious scholar. What are some Afghan last names? During Saladin's siege of Beaufort castle, military units from Jabal Amel, likely those of Husam ad-Din Bishara, came to his aid and replaced his forces as he marched to repel a crusader invasion of Acre. Is Afghanistan considered Arab? Ask the Explainer. [12] Shias from the newly autonomous areas of Jabal Amel soon became essential participants in blocking Frankish raids and sieges. They also have a notable presence in Zahl, Southern Lebanon, Marjaayoun and Chebaa. [28], Further South, the pinnacle of Jabal Amel occurred at the hands of Nassif al-Nassar (c. 17491781) of Ali al-Saghirs during his alliance with Zahir al-Umar. Baalbek in the 18th century was really under the control of the Metawali, which also refers to the Shia Twelvers. Is True Religion made in Mexico? Aragona Capital > Uncategorized > lebanese sunni surnames > Uncategorized > lebanese sunni surnames Under the Ottomans, Local Shias often came into conflict with Ottoman-assigned governors of Tripoli, Sidon and Damascus, who derogatorily referred to them as Qizilbash in their documents as a means to delegitimize them or justify punitive campaigns against them. Trn y l tng hp nhng con l c nhiu anh ch em ca website soi cu hay chn chi nht trong ngy hm nay, con s cng ng u th n cng c nhiu ngi tham gia chi nht v gim dn theo tng con s. In 1767, Zahir attempted to extend his authority to Shiite villages, but was defeated in battle and captured, eventually entering into an alliance with Nassif and the Shiites. The French had dispersed the Shiite leaders and thousands of peasants who feared reprisals, and the high fines imposed on them caused financial misery. [84] Other haplogroups present among Lebanese Shia include E1b1b (17%), G-M201 (10%), R1b, and T-L206 occurring at smaller, but significant rates. For example: Salman Khan, Mohammed Ismail, Syed Irshad, Sadiq Baig. "[51] With the Ja'fari shar'ia courts in practice, the Shia community was deliberately encouraged to "practice sectarianism" on a daily basis. [31] The 18th century French orientalist comte de Volney who visited Lebanon toward the late 1780s described Lebanese Shiites as a "distinct society",[32] and a 19th century British traveler observed that they were hated by Persians as Arabs, and by Turks and Arabs as Shiites, a predicament which was not shared by any other group.[31]. Lebanese peoples health at stake due to the inability to afford hospital Lebanese peoples health at stake! Sunni Arab clansmen said that one their own killed Ali Chebli, the Hezbollah member whose procession was attacked, to avenge the killing of the Sunni boy, Hassan Ghosn, last year. Tiberias was visited in 880s by al-Ya'qubi who noted the presence of a Shia[13] tribe in the city, al-Ash'ari of Madh'hij who originally founded the Shia holy city of Qom in 703. [40], Following the official declaration of the French Mandate of Greater Lebanon (Le Grand Liban) in September 1920, anti-French riots broke out in the predominantly Shia areas of Jabal Amil and the Beqaa Valley. [16] And more recently, in 2018 the CIA World Factbook estimated that Sunni Muslims constitute 30.6%[19] of Lebanon's population.[20][21]. Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid killed one of the city's Alid notables in 903 for alleged Qarmatian sympathies. [18] Between 10701109, Tripoli experienced a brief period of independence under the Shia Banu Ammar dynasty, a family of Shia qadis who captured Jableh from the Byzantines and ruled a territory as far as Jbeil in the south. Maronites, Rum Christians, Protestant Christians etc. "The Metoualis are almost annihilated due to their revolts; their name is soon to be extinct".[32]. [13] Qarmatian influence may have also played a role when the latter gained foothold in neighboring Homs before the Abbasids kicked them out in 903. [13], With the arrival of the First Crusade, Tripoli and Tyre initially resisted crusaders and paid tribute to prevent further conflict, which only proved temporary. Lebanese Alawites live mostly in the Jabal Mohsen neighbourhood of Tripoli, and in 10 villages in the Akkar region,[59][60][61] and are mainly represented by the Arab Democratic Party. [15] When the Fatimids conquered the region in 970, they quarrelled with the local Shiites. There are 64 Maronite Maseehi members registered in Sahel Alma (Kessrouan). [53], In addition, the Shia Twelvers in Lebanon have close links to the Syrian Shia Twelvers. The Twelver Shia Salih ibn Mirdas rose against the Fatimids in a similar manner, and by 1025 managed to conquer most of Syria, western Iraq and parts of Lebanon. 280 Maronite members registered in Akkar (Andaqt, Meniara), Beirut (Mazraa)Jbeil (Qartaba Shmaliyeh), Zahle (Midan Charqi), Zgharta (Daraya) and Batroun. [12] June 7, 2022 . [63], The syncretic beliefs of the Qarmatians, typically classed as an Isma'ili splinter sect with Zoroastrian influences, spread into the area of the Beqaa valley and possibly also Jabal Shuf starting in the 9th century. Officially, the country's policy has been to host them until the war in the . The diverse attributes are seen in everyday living in Lebanon. to guarantee confidentiality, mandated reporters are not required; Select Page. [25] In Mount Lebanon, the Hamada family were among the earliest identified Shia families, reportedly serving as tax-collectors in the district of Mamluk Tripoli as early as 1471, in the region Dinniyeh.

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