swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and

As a result of the military draft and transportation hardships in the U.S., the swing era ended quickly. [22] Some bandleaders, such as Guy Lombardo, performed works composed by others (in Lombardo's case, often by his brother Carmen),[23] while others, such as Maria Schneider, take on all three roles. By the end of the war, swing was giving way to less danceable music, such as bebop. Blues tradition, then became popular with white listeners during the World War Many Kansas City bands featured head arrangements, which were . an improvisation: melody, harmony, and form. !/$v}5cliH_+B9W#PBY]C ::B) the jukebox The popular appeal of Benny Goodman's Trio and Quartet had a good deal to do with the extroverted energy of Lionel Hampton and Gene Krupa The most prominent features of big band swing were the use of written arrangements and improvised solos, repetitive horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie type bass lines. Three bypass valves over the tube can be used to lower the pitch of the trumpet. Rhythm Section: (click here to see a YouTube [28] This development may take the form of improvised solos, written solo sections, and "shout choruses". When the trumpets and saxophones are combined in a musical accompaniment, they can lead a vibrant and multi-toned swing melody. However, its so large that its most often placed upright next to the bassist when its being played. Characteristics of Music: Swing | The Music Studio These consist of the independent use of trumpet, trombone, saxophone, and rhythm section with the use of soloists. KC Jazz is characterised by: And because KC Jazzsongs were riff based, they were often played from memory by the band (rather than from sheet music). Fletcher Henderson's career started when he was persuaded to audition for a job at Club Alabam in New York City, which eventually turned into a job as bandleader at the Roseland Ballroom. [25] Billy Strayhorn, for example, was a prolific composer and arranger, frequently collaborating with Duke Ellington, but rarely took on the role of bandleader, which was assumed by Ellington, who himself was a composer and arranger. completely abandoned the song's melody, which has made this style less The band severed ties with the school in 1941 to claim professional status. They gave a greater role to bandleaders, arrangers, and sections of instruments rather than soloists. trombonist Glenn MILLER incorporated In contrast to the typical jazz emphasis on improvisation, big bands relied on written compositions and arrangements. Charlie Parkers album South of the Border illustrated the influence of this genre on a bop artist, and the Tokyo Cuban Boys, an Afro-Cuban band dating from the postWorld War II years, exemplified the musics international appeal. during the World War II years. (1899-1974): The (1937). California. highly-improvisatory new style of jazz called "Bebop" was developed In the 1950s, Stan Kenton referred to his band's music as "progressive jazz", "modern", and "new music". in Blue (1925). big band music - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help Please change your browser preferences to enable javascript, and reload this page. For example, Tommy Dorsey played with a beautiful tone and control on the trombone. Other female bands were led by trumpeter B. Pianist and vocalist Sarah Vaughan also influenced many singers. Unlike the concert band, the lead players should never be seated on the end of the section. Critics and historians refer to these groups as ghost bands because of the absence of their leaders and new personnel. DG Ch 6-10 - Flashcards | StudyHippo.com "call" and a group does some type of "response"), (2) it Duke Ellington wrote a song in 1931 titled It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing), and for a generation of music lovers those were words to live by. He was a pianist, accompanist, and music director for blues singers, dancers, and comedians. By the 1930s, these and other cities became major centers for the development of the swing style. The saxophone section included two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, and one baritone saxophone. rock . This expansive eclecticism characterized much of jazz after World War II. BASIE popularized "pure" jazz through a "Big Band" techniques (from native African musical tradition in which a leader does a Swing was hugely popular - in fact, it was the pop music of the 1930's. It was mostly performed by Big Bands, which were large orchestras divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section (which consisted of the drums, bass, guitar and piano). instruments (one or more: Piano, Bridging the gap to white audiences in the mid-1930s was the Casa Loma Orchestra and Benny Goodman's early band. 1920s as a blending of blues, ragtime, and civic brass band traditions, then this Big bands generally have four sections: trumpets, trombones, saxophones, and a rhythm section of guitar, piano, double bass, and drums. GILLESPIE: Koko (1945). the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band During the next decades, ballrooms filled with people doing the jitterbug and Lindy Hop. How relevant do you believe the poem is today? Goodmans band was the first to integrate black and white musicians. Many of the great swing bands broke up, as the times and tastes changed. Williams is considered one of the great jazz pianists and one of the greatest performers from Kansas City. Paul Whiteman (18901967), called the King of Jazz, sought after talented top names for his band like Bing Crosby, Bix Beiderbecke, and Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey. Special thanks to Dr. Portia K. Maultsby and to the Advisory Scholars for their commitment and thought-provoking contributions to this resource. HWYo8~G ("b+[:r$%_r8oFdnIt]5pu\Kr|z~+au/I8vTm3}` e Swing as popular music usually had vocals, such as Glenn Miller's "Chattanooga Choo-Choo," and was intended for dancing. Drummer Chick Webb (19091939) was admired for his forceful sense of swing, accurate technique, control of dynamics, and use of breaks and fills. The popularity of many of the major bands was amplified by star vocalists, such as Frank Sinatra with Tommy Dorsey, Helen O'Connell and Bob Eberly with Jimmy Dorsey, Ella Fitzgerald with Chick Webb, Billie Holiday and Jimmy Rushing with Count Basie, Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest with Harry James, Doris Day with Les Brown,[40] and Peggy Lee with Benny Goodman. Ellington recorded this The swing style developed in the 1930s and continued to be popular throughout the 1940s and beyond as a distinctive genre. Count Basie played a relaxed, propulsive swing, Bob Crosby (brother of Bing), more of a dixieland style,[39] Benny Goodman a hard driving swing, and Duke Ellington's compositions were varied and sophisticated. black jazz musicians developed an. Cool Jazz As purely instrumental jazz When you mentioned the word Jazz to the average person, they probably think of Swing music, and for good reason. In 1925, bandleader Paul Whiteman more traditional instruments such as horn, cello, flute and oboe. White teenagers and young adults were the principal fans of the big bands in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Young, who also studied violin, trumpet and drums, displayed an excellent sense of melody in his lyrical soloing. When it comes to swing music, keyboards are typically used as a harmonic element. Traveling conditions and lodging were difficult, in part due to segregation in most parts of the United States, and the personnel often had to perform having had little sleep and food. are described below. 1U^ p(s XA@H:@!+H30q:pYL4#9 S rapidly with both black and white audiences. [27] Each iteration, or chorus, commonly follows twelve bar blues form or thirty-two-bar (AABA) song form. note-for-note. About Swing - University of Chicago Figure 1: The Western Jazz Quartet (piano: often feature virtuoso performers, on And they played dance music. 3. Hammond, John. The Henderson band is considerably larger than most syncopated dance bands of the 1920s (eight or nine musicians). Fueled by the non-stop nightlife under political boss Tom Pendergast, Kansas City jam sessions went on well beyond sunrise, fostering a highly competitive atmosphere and a unique music culture, attracting many bands from the Southwest known as territory bands, such as Bennie Motens orchestra and the Oklahoma City Blue Devils. From who specialized in less improvised tunes with more emphasis on sentimentality, featuring somewhat slower-paced, often heart-felt songs.[43]. A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s. The music of Count Basie (19041984) represents a leading voice in the big band style. Important New York figures of this time include Chick Webb, Jimmie Lunceford, and Duke Ellington. Many bands from the swing era continued for decades after the death or departure of their founders and namesakes, and some are still active in the 21st century, often referred to as "ghost bands", a term attributed to Woody Herman, referring to orchestras that persist in the absence of their original leaders. The string bass replaced the tuba and the guitar replaced the banjo. jw7(W3;TEd5SOBmlyb./hh IOQ,+B}I\fT-q\ dJ(0!GF>B)- |0~J;:AC*: Y3[.(&=>:UU5aH@ZLLEc))3c.mcX=ia&1cy]aE~9CB7L_ Armstrong (nicknamed ", One of the most common forms used in jazz In New Orleans, black - trombones The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. Columbia, Victor, and Decca were the three most important, Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and. Many musicians served in the military and toured with USO troupes at the front, with Glenn Miller losing his life while traveling between shows. Swing bands featured a large ensemble of The first jazz concert, called A Swing Music Concert took place in 1936 in New York City. The Glenn Miller Band worked the best jobs and recorded often. by Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. improvised solo structure on the choruses: (1) piano--Ellington), (2) jazz [36]:p.31, Before 1910, social dance in America was dominated by steps such as the waltz and polka. Ive listed someSwing Era Jazz musicians below. Lester Young & Herschel Evans. Maria Schneider assisted Gil Evans, wrote for Woody Herman and Mel Lewis, and has conducted jazz orchestras around the world. American sound has fascinated listeners, performers and composers around the Radio increased the fame of Benny Goodman, the "Pied Piper of Swing". Rewrite each sentence following the instructions in parentheses. - jukebox Which changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s? The saxophone section included two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, and one baritone saxophone. a vocalist with piano or a small backup group. [30], Some big ensembles, like King Oliver's, played music that was half-arranged, half-improvised, often relying on head arrangements. The genre was gradually absorbed into mainstream pop rock and the jazz rock sector.[45]. [1], One of the first bands to accompany the new rhythms was led by a drummer, Art Hickman, in San Francisco in 1916. In Kansas City, Bennie Motens and Count Basies bands had begun developing a looser type of big band arrangement that allowed for freer styles of soloing, giving rise to a unique Kansas City swing style in the 1930s. 6 Steps to Big Band Writing with Steven Feifke. Art-music composer/conductor Leonard They were assisted by a band full of talent: Coleman Hawkins on tenor saxophone, Louis Armstrong on cornet, and multi-instrumentalist Benny Carter, whose career lasted into the 1990s.[1]. Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and . Swing is a term often used in reference to large dance bands of 15 or more musicians that played written arrangements using improvised sections alternating with arranged passages by brass and/or reeds. In the The Double Bass is shaped like other string instruments such as the guitar or violin. Starting in the early 1900s, various jazz and traditions have The rhythm section of the Benny Goodman Trio and Quartet excluded which instrument? black jazz musicians developed an intense 1. In the 1970s, popular fusion groups included BLOOD, SWEAT & TEARS, CHICAGO, and SANTANA Swing was the predominant style of jazz music played from the late 1920s to mid-1940s. There was a considerable range of styles among the hundreds of popular bands. These ensembles typically featured three or more accordions accompanied by piano, guitar, bass, cello, percussion, and marimba with vibes and were popularized by recording artists such as Charles Magnante,[10][11] Joe Biviano[12][13] and John Serry. A. Swing grew out of New Orleans Jazz and the evolved into Bebop. Ella Fitzgerald contributed to the success of Webbs band in New York City. Arrangers notated specific notes for each instrument to play in every measure on a written score. Louis ARMSTRONG (1900-1971): Hotter Than That (1927). Billie Holiday is considered to be the most influential of the jazz singers of the century after Louis Armstrong, who influenced her style.