In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. ( 1, 2, 3) 5 Paul Kagame, the 60-year-old President of Rwanda, has been in power since 1994 when his rebel army ended the genocide which had killed 800,000 people. Infamous dictators of the world are often thought of as tyrants - leaders who rule with iron fists, cruelty, unflinching authority, and a lack of opposition. Many are noted for their cruelty, while others are honored as national heroes. Among the 10 dictatorship countries profiled, poverty is endemic. [1][8]:454 It is important to note that these names do not have to correspond to the official or colloquial titles of any of the countries offices. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. Political culture: 5.00. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. This is often done via questionable means, including intimidation, imprisonment (lawful or not), physical violence, or even assassination. The required majority needed to remove the sitting government varies between countries but is termed a vote of no confidence. [1] Binary measure of democracy and dictatorship, Six-fold regime classification scheme and its rules, Comparison with other democracy-measuring data sets, Studies in Comparative International Development, "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense", Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi: Democracy and development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democracy-Dictatorship_Index&oldid=1141715357, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. Ruling parties allow a dictatorship to more broadly influence the populace and facilitate political agreement between party elites. [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. Equatorial Guinea. Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. whether a majority vote in the legislature can remove the sitting government without cause. This world dictators list has everyone from Adolf Hitler to Kim Jong Un to many lesser-known rulers. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. 1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland Types. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. Military dictatorship: 2. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. Due to it, the countries went towards dictatorship. Parliamentary democracy is the same as semi-presidential but has heads of state which are not popularly elected for a fixed term, typically either monarchs or officials not chosen by popular elections. He assumed office in August 1979 and has remained in power since then. [131] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. He became the 22nd president of Liberia on August 2, 1997 and served until August 11, 2003. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. First is that an autocracy nearly always focuses power in a single individual person, whereas dictatorshipssingle-party dictatorships in particularsometimes spread the power throughout a small group of people (say, the leaders of the dictator's political party). Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. [72] The societal upheaval caused by World War I and the unstable peace it produced further contributed to instability that benefited extremist movements and rallied support for their causes. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. [38] Due to the lack of accountability and the smaller group of elites, personalist dictatorships are more prone to corruption than other forms of dictatorship,[39] and they are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. [148], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. If the head of state serves for life or is not popularly elected or a fixed term, then the democracy is parliamentary.[1]. [1]:68 The figures at the left show the results in 1988 and 2008. Just like a dictatorship, an autocracy is a government headed by a single ruler (the autocrat) whose decisions are not subject to legal restraints and who exercises unlimited and undisputed power. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. That said, there are two important differences between dictatorships and autocracies. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. [135] Negotiated removals are more likely to end in democracy, while removals by force are more likely to result in a new dictatorial regime. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Photo: Lars Klove. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. Modern Dictatorships Between 1919 and 1939 there was a great reaction against democracy and dictatorship was established in many countries of the world. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. Unfortunately, democracy is still shaky in many countries, a number of which are fighting violent religious insurrections, and the likelihood of any fallen dictator being quickly replaced by another dictator is high. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. [123] The form of government does not correlate with the amount of economic growth, and dictatorships on average grow at the same rate as democracies, though dictatorships have been found to have larger fluctuations. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) Keep note that the head of state, chief executive, government, and legislatures can have their official names be seemingly contradictory to this classification. Latin America's new generation of dictators. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers.
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