A triangle always has three angles and three sides. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. b. confirmation bias. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. According to ________ there are three forms of intelligence, whereas according to ________ there are nine types of intelligence. She has looked at several different possibilities and now must select which apartment best suits her needs. Development is the product of nature, nurture, and the complex interaction of the two. A. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. A. risk avoidance C. inductive reasoning. Psychology is a social science that is rooted in the natural sciences, like history and philosophy. Then suddenly, "Aha!" And when youre riding in a crowded elevator and you cant face the front, it feels uncomfortable, doesnt it? For example, before learning the concept of area of a square (and the formula to find it), you must understand what a square is. C. are ill defined or vague. The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as retrieval. A. the child's IQ is average. c. convergent thinking. b. naturalist intelligence. You may not be able to recall all of your classmates, but you recognize many of them based on their yearbook photos. D. unreliable. This is known as effortful processing (Figure 8.3). This powerful event schema is informed by your pattern of behavior and the pleasurable stimulation that a phone call or text message gives your brain. b. Familial retardation Sensory information about sights, sounds, smells, and even textures, which we do not view as valuable information, we discard. Moreover, you probably are good at staying balanced, but cannot tell someone the exact way you do it. d. Concepts, Derrick was given a test where he had to identify morphemes. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be met first? b. divergent thinking. This implies that When an individual studies specifically to avoid his or her parent's disapproval, then the individual's attitude toward studying is most likely a result of, When individuals engage in a behavior because they enjoy it, they. d. Psychiatrists. Next count backwards from 40 by fours, then check yourself to see how well you recalled the sentences this time. So without thinking, you reach for your phone, which could be in your pocket, in your bag, or on the passenger seat of the car. You might perform this script two or three times each day. Implicit memory has been studied with cognitive demand tasks, such as performance on artificial grammars (Reber, 1976), word memory (Jacoby, 1983; Jacoby & Witherspoon, 1982), and learning unspoken and unwritten contingencies and rules (Greenspoon, 1955; Giddan & Eriksen, 1959; Krieckhaus & Eriksen, 1960). If, however, youve lived your whole life on the island of Saint Vincent in the Caribbean, you may never have actually seen snow, much less tasted, smelled, or touched it. A. A person's knowledge about the world is known as _____ memory. Baddeley and Hitch (1974) proposed a working memory model in which short-term memory has different forms. Author: Question. If one part of a network is activated, it is easier to access the associated concepts because they are already partially activated. c. logical/mathematical intelligence. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. Some years ago, psychologists Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving (1975) conducted a series of experiments to find out. Through the use of fMRI, researchers have found an overlap between brain areas activated during visual mental imagery tasks as compared to: c. measure what it's supposed to measure. grove hill medical center new britain, ct; . refers to the sense that one is in control of one's own life. CONCEPT Definition of an Algorithm 6 Which of the following statements about APIs is true? d. be reliable. D. employ heuristics rather than algorithms as the problem-solving strategy. Instead, your best option would be to use a route that you know has worked well in the past. c. Clinical neuropsychologists Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. c. make sounds; dream more vividly According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory, information passes through three distinct stages in order for it to be stored in long-term memory. B. Recall is what we most often think about when we talk about memory retrieval: it means you can access information without cues. Problem-solving is a mental process that involves discovering, analyzing, and solving problems. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology D. attention bias. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Dan, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. syntactically correct but semantically incorrect. Your apartment is a mess and you have nothing to wear. They also sometimes focus on how we organize thoughts and information gathered from our environments into meaningful categories of thought, which will be discussed later. A. creativity. Because you can recall images (mental pictures) more easily than words alone. He later realized he could have just held his cell phone under the seat to help illuminate the area. A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). consent of Rice University. b. D. 95, Which of the following would NOT be a case of mental retardation? Q. d. verbal/linguistic intelligence. For example, if you are studying for your chemistry exam, the material you are learning will be part of your explicit memory. d. validity. A person's schema for a library would most likely include: D. 100. Short-term memory storage lasts 15 to 30 seconds. conception, zygote, embryonic period, fetal period. d.$8,000. When you first learn new skills such as driving a car, you have to put forth effort and attention to encode information about how to start a car, how to brake, how to handle a turn, and so on. Although individual experiences and expertise can affect concept arrangement, concepts are believed to be arranged hierarchically in the mind (Anderson & Reder, 1999; Johnson & Mervis, 1997, 1998; Palmer, Jones, Hennessy, Unze, & Pick, 1989; Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson, & Boyes-Braem, 1976; Tanaka & Taylor, 1991). Should you go to the bank, the cleaners, or the grocery store first? Semantic networks differ depending on personal experiences. d. Piaget. D. the child's IQ is above average. So if you face a situation where a decision needs to be made very quickly, you might be better off using a different problem-solving strategy. pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), is an algorithm for creating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate those of a random number. d. Down syndrome. B. A. Most adults reach their peak physical development during their, sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational. D. It refers to reasoning from a general principle that individuals know to be true to a specific instance. The prefrontal cortex continues to mature into early adulthood. Storage is the creation of a permanent record of information. A. an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo The questions required the participants to process the words at one of the three levels. Semantic means having to do with language and knowledge about language. The strange situation test is used to assess an infant's. b. like a photo negative of b. convergent thinking. What do developmental psychologists seek to understand? d. mental sets. You likely thought about staying upright in the beginning, but now you just do it. B. a. a surreal and hazy picture. The options that are true about algorithms include: Produce a result Have clear instructions Stop in a finite amount of time Operations that can be done by a computer Have an order. The concept of episodic memory was first proposed about in the 1970s (Tulving, 1972). c. language could help a child learn to control social behavior. c. pragmatics. D. deductive reasoning. Think of it as the information you have displayed on your computer screen, such as a document, spreadsheet, or website. Why or why not? They are used to evaluate the solutions. Watch this video about the neuroscience of memory to learn more. A. the availability heuristic Emotional intelligence He is most likely receiving _____ parenting. A square always has four equal sides and four right angles. b. females. Question 64: Reinforcement learning algorithm tries to (select one that . Your brain analyzes these details and develops an overall understanding of American history. Strategies to stimulate divergent thinking. By following an algorithm, you can ensure that you will arrive at the correct answer to each problem. b. actual tasks involving visual perception. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. Hillary meets her brother's friend Drake, who is a tall, lanky man. c. a memory of a favorite childhood book. C. People disregard prior experiences or failures when making predictions about the possibility of an outcome. Natural concepts are created naturally through your experiences and can be developed from either direct or indirect experiences. Clinical psychologists c. visual-spatial processing. Craik and Tulving concluded that we process verbal information best through semantic encoding, especially if we apply what is called the self-reference effect. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology For example, while it is quite common for people to greet one another with a handshake in the United States, in Tibet, you greet someone by sticking your tongue out at them, and in Belize, you bump fists (Cairns Regional Council, n.d.). Implicit memories can influence observable behaviors as well as cognitive tasks. transformers: power of the primes swoop; mountaingate country club celebrity members; portmore st catherine jamaica; death note boyfriend scenarios when you cuddle d. all languages are similar in certain universal ways. 1. Watch this video about superior autobiographical memory from the television news show 60 Minutes to learn more. B. b. four People ascribe greater value to things they already own when compared with objects owned by someone else. C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. Round answer to the nearest cent. In the context of human development, _____ refers to the individual's environmental and social experiences. Fragile X syndrome Upon waking each morning, you begin thinkingcontemplating the tasks that you must complete that day. answer choices phenomenon that just happens reconstructive process way in which we receive information not important Question 2 30 seconds Q. c. trial and error method Children understand metaphor and satire usually between ages 11 and 14. Psychologists who study problem-solving have described two main processes that people utilize to reach conclusions: algorithms and heuristics. B. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. D. deductive reasoning. C. divergent thinking. You have to cook dinner for 30 people on Saturday. For example, you might easily recall a fact, such as the capital of the United States, but you might struggle to recall the name of the restaurant at which you had dinner when you visited a nearby city last summer. How do you get that information back out of storage when you need it? As you drive home, you hear your phones ring tone. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Pessimism He travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with Cooper. d. d. IQ tests have socioeconomic biases. This would be similar to finding and opening a paper you had previously saved on your computers hard drive. The notes were sour because the seams split. Mathematical formulas, like the equation for area (length width) are artificial concepts defined by specific sets of characteristics that are always the same. In simple words, a short term memory can be defined as memory structure in which the limited amount of processing takes place. If you repeat it enough, it may be moved into long-term memory. B. provide clear definitions. Psychologists would describe Cooper's father's style of parenting as. In this case, Monique has 7.1 What Is Cognition? - Psychology 2e | OpenStax A. D. The availability heuristic, Which of the following describes the trait of a critical thinker? c. means-end analysis. the stage of memory in which it is stored. C. refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. An algorithm is the process of breaking problems. 20. Implicit emotional conditioning is the type of memory involved in classically conditioned emotion responses (Olson & Fazio, 2001). d. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. b. a dictionary-like entry. In order for people to be able to tell you how many televisions they have in their house, they would probably use: Which of the following is a true statement regarding algorithms? a. is an innate human ability to understand and produce language. The brain then processes this information and uses the relevant pieces to create thoughts, which can then be expressed through language or stored in memory for future use. There are several types of implicit memories, including procedural, priming, and emotional conditioning. If your first pet was a Golden Retriever, there is a good chance that this would be your prototype for the category of dogs. d. language; concepts, The rhythm and emphasis of communicating is part of which language structure? Your improved bicycle riding was due to learning balancing abilities. On the other hand, abstract words like level, truth, and value are low-imagery words. b. language; social relationships A. suggest obvious operations. In this case, Claudia is using a(n) b. consciousness and intuition. Abstract symbols on a keyboard and making some sounds, Piaget theorized that _____ preceded and aided the development of ______. a. means-end analysis. People often form general rules and concepts based on specific experiences and examples. The representativeness heuristic C. mental set A. it involves bottom-up processing According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, the first 18 months of life are devoted to mastering which developmental task? C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. c. practical Suddenly Monique gets the idea to empty her shredder and use the shredded junk mail confetti for packing material. We get information into our brains through a process called encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. jk shah classes faculty list; 10 principles of good record keeping; According to the social brain hypothesis, each of us can deal effectively with social interactions with roughly 150 people. Chapter 7 - Quiz Questions Flashcards | Quizlet There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, stimuli from the environment are processed first in sensory memory: storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. Unlike short-term memory, long-term memory storage capacity is believed to be unlimited. Exceptionally complex, cognition is an essential feature of human consciousness, yet not all aspects of cognition are consciously experienced. a. convergent thinking. They are motivated more externally than internally. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written most scores are around the average score. Choose all that apply. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Mental images These mental shortcuts are typically informed by our past experiences and allow us to act quickly. d. pragmatic, In the brain, creating a mental image is _______ seeing an actual image. C. Heuristics are shortcut strategies. answer choices Confabulation Source amnesia Flashbulb memories Confusion Question 3 30 seconds Q.
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